Interaction of a drug with food that results in an adverse patient reaction. Role of metabolism in drug discovery 36 in drug development it is important to have an information on the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of the candidate drug invitro studies can give information about metabolite stability metabolite profile metabolite identification cyp inductioninhibition drug drug. One of the biggest challenges for the pharmaceutical research community is therefore to execute an. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on.
Cyp1 drug metabolism 3 subfamilies, 3 genes, 1 pseudogene cyp2 drug and steroid metabolism subfamilies, 16 genes, 16 pseudogenes cyp3 drug metabolism 1 subfamily, 4 genes, 2 pseudogenes cyp4 arachidonic acid or fatty acid metabolism 5. Introduction metabolism is the term used to describe the interconversion of chemical compounds in the body the pathways taken by individual molecules, their interrelationships, and the mechanisms that regulate the flow of metabolites through the pathways it falls mainly in 3 categories. To cover all these facets of drug metabolism in a single text is a voluminous task and therefore we have focused primarily on the biotransformation aspects of the subject. Glucuronidation sulfate glutathione glucine acetylation methylation generally these reactions generate compounds that are more water soluble aid in excretion. Drug metabolites can have the same, increased or decreased activity compared to parent compound. Its a presentation done by me in the given topic at the pharmacology seminar organised at r. The chemistry of drug metabolism needs an elaborate understanding it is a fascinatingand a complicatedprocess. Drug metabolism by intestinal epithelium cyp3a4 drug efflux from intestinal epithelial cells pglycoprotein inhibitors of cyp3a4 and drug transporters. Drug dosing in special populations ppt video online download. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism from the greek xenos stranger and biotic related to living beings is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organisms normal biochemistry, such as any drug. Since the liver is a major site of drug metabolism, this firstpass effect may reduce the amount of drug reaching the target tissue. This is because of the presenceof largeamounts of many varieties of enzymes. Drug metabolism pptpowerpoint presentation, medical notes.
Oral absorption, intestinal metabolism and human oral bioavailability, pharmacogenetics and metabolism, altered drug metabolism and transport in pathophysiological conditions, anticancer drug metabolism. Each student will independently develop a powerpoint presentation based on the student paper, and deliver the presentation in one of the final sessions of the semester. Developing effective new drugs requires a thorough understanding of how the drugs will act once they are administered to the patient. Completely revised and updated throughout, the new edition focuses only on essential chemical detail and includes patient case histories to illustrate the. Drug metabolism free download as powerpoint presentation. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. In some cases, the firstpass effect results in metabolic activation of an inert pro drug. Drug volume of reservoir v ml dose 10 mg initial concentration 10 mgl perfect filter organ, removes all drug. Drugs, brains, and behavior the science of addiction. Drug metabolism phase 1 reactions oxidation cyp450 reduction phase 2 reactions conjugation reactions. The term metabolism is commonly used probably because products of drug transformation are called metabolites. The term drug metabolism in its broadest sense may be considered as the absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs. Drug metabolism drug metabolism medical treatments free. Gastric emptying times vary among patients and contribute significantly to intersubject variability in drug absorption.
Drug rehabilitation is also called drug rehab or simply rehabs, is a way of medically or psychotherapeutic management of the addict person, for its dependency on psychoactive elements such as alcohol, prescription drugs, narcotic drugs like heroin, morphine, amphetamines methylphenethylamine. Fda is investigating drug as an analgesic treatment for patients with advanced cancer whose pain cannot be controlled with fda approved opioids. Sult1 and 2 are most important in the metabolism of drugs. Biology the living cell is a miniature factory where thousands of reactions occur converts energy in many ways metabolism is the totality of an organisms chemical reactions arises from interactions between molecules an organisms metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics thermodynamics is the study of energy. Markey laboratory of neurotoxicology nimh, nih nov. May 01, 2020 drug metabolism pptpowerpoint presentation, medical notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Humans have 18 families of cytochrome p450 genes and 43 subfamilies. Understand how coenzymea is used to transfer acyl groups.
Drug metabolism drug metabolism medical treatments. Ravi, senior resident,department of pharmacology,govt. Glucuronidation sulfate glutathione glucine acetylation methylation generally these reactions generate compounds that are more water soluble aid in. Oct 26, 2014 a drug may inhibit one isoenzyme while being itself a substrate of another isoenzyme e. This helps you give your presentation on drug addiction in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations the uploader spent hisher valuable. Human drug metabolism, an introduction, second edition provides an accessible introduction to the subject and will be particularly invaluable to those who already have some understanding of the life sciences. Define the terms metabolism, metabolic pathway, catabolism, and anabolism. Cyps have been extensively studied in animals rats,mice dogs and to less extent in zebra fish, in bacteria,in fungi,in insects, in.
Cell biology lecture powerpoint document presentation format. Alteration of a drug within a living organism is known as biotransformation the term biotransformation is the process of alteration in the structure of drug. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Sts are a family of enzymes with five members sult15. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Neonatal hepatic metabolism overall rate of biotransformation of drugs much slower rapid physiologic changes occur in first week of life that change capacity of hepatic drug metabolism and oral bioavailability changes in hepatic blood flow, increased portal venous flow, closure of ductus venosus phase i.
A drug may inhibit one isoenzyme while being itself a substrate of another isoenzyme e. Cyps have been extensively studied in animals rats,mice dogs and to less extent in zebra fish, in bacteria,in fungi,in insects, in plants and in humans, prokaryotic and eucaryotic. The liver is the principal, but not the sole, site of most drug metabolism in the body. Cytochrome p450 enzymes hemoproteins play an important role in the intracellular metabolism. Jan 22, 2014 contents of the powerpoint on bioavailability and firstpass metabolism include.
In order to avoid latestage drug failure due to factors such as undesirable metabolic instability, toxic metabolites, drugdrug interactions, and polymorphic metabolism, an enormous amount of effort has been expended by. Drug metabolism 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Drug discovery and development is a timeconsuming and costly process. Is the sum total of all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells, and thus the organism.
Drug metabolism is an immense area of study where drugs undergo a range of enzymemediated chemical reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, hydration, conjugation, and migration. Apr 12, 2018 studies on drug metabolism are key processes to optimize lead compounds for optimal pkpd properties, to identify new chemical entities based on the finding of active metabolites, to minimize potential safety liabilities due to formation of reactive or toxic metabolites, and to compare preclinical metabolism in animals with humans for ensuring. Flow rate 100 mlmin clearance volume of blood completely cleared of drug per unit of time flow rate, q 100 mlmin cl 100 mlmin fractional rate of removal. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism from the greek xenos stranger and biotic related to living beings is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organisms normal. Major location of drug metabolizing enzymes dysfunction can lead to impaired drug metabolismdecreased enzyme activity first pass metabolism effected may inc 24 x bioavailiability results in exaggerated pharmacological responses and adverse effects cardiac failure causes decreased blood flow to the liver. The cytochrome p450 enzyme system is particularly important because many different drugs also can induce or inhibit these enzymes. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Times new roman default design microsoft photo editor 3. Isbn 9789535100997, pdf isbn 9789535143543, published 20120222. Drug has a new mechanism of action leading to better effect and potentially efficacy to be demonstrated opens possibilities for drug combination and broadens therapeutic alternatives more convenient administration route major contribution to patient care when documented problems exist with existing route. They can serve as additional source of information for study of pharmacology and clinical pharmacology. Drug metabolism principles and applications drug metabolism is how organisms break down drugs.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. In such cases, called firstorder elimination or kinetics, the metabolism rate of the drug is a constant fraction of the drug remaining in the body ie, the drug has a specific halflife. They focus on the biochemical pathways that we find in humans, and they also take into account some physiological and clinical aspects. The notes, and the corresponding slides, are also freely available in pdf and powerpoint formats. Metabolism describes the chemical reactions that change drugs into compounds which are easier to eliminate. Drug metabolism oxidation humans have 18 families of cytochrome p450 genes and 43 subfamilies. Use of a collaborative tool to simplify the outsourcing of preclinical safety studies. Drug metabolism involves the enzymatic conversion of therapeutically important chemical species to a new molecule inside the human body drug metabolism, involves the conversion of lipophilic chemical compounds drugs into highly polar derivatives that can be easily excreted from the body drug metabolism is a chemical process, where enzymes play a.
Clinical presentation or low lpl activity fcs diagnosis genetic testing. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional drug addiction powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Penicillin changes to penicilloic acid in presence of enzyme penicilase. Free download drug addiction powerpoint presentation slides. Absorbed drugs 3 changes metabolic changes by enzymes microsomal. Introduction biotransformation is defined as the conversion from one chemical form to another synonym metabolism detoxification process these chemical changes takes place within our body in presence of some enzymes e. Metabolism or biotransformation the conversion from one chemical form of a substance to another. Theprimary site of drug metabolism is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the liver cell.
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. Such conditions harm the wellbeing and development of children in the home and may set the stage for drug abuse in the next generation. So, increased clearance of drugs such as phenytoin and theophylline elimination rate depends on liver enzyme activity drugs that are so rapidly metabolized that their elimination rate depends on their delivery to the liver, i. Drug rehabilitation list of high impact articles ppts. Pdf drugs and the liver drug metabolism in liver disease drug metabolism in the liver. Jianda lu, jun xue, in critical care nephrology third edition, 2019. Received 1 dose of study drug baseline tg assessment.
Elimination irreversible removal of the drug from the body metabolism liver and intestine. Cyp1 drug metabolism 3 subfamilies, 3 genes, 1 pseudogene cyp2 drug and steroid metabolism subfamilies, 16 genes, 16 pseudogenes cyp3 drug metabolism 1 subfamily, 4 genes, 2 pseudogenes. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Jan 22, 2014 cytochrome p450 enzymes hemoproteins play an important role in the intracellular metabolism. The main purpose of drug rehabilitation is to ensure that the addict. Set 1 powerpoint links collected from the website of. Ppt drug metabolism powerpoint presentation free to. Medical grand rounds parkland memorial hospital drug drug metabolism ppt download table 4 from effect of hepatic insufficiency on. Therefore, the effect of drugs on the rate of metabolism. Lecture presentations pptpdf in this section you can find sylabes slides from powerpoint presentations from selected lectures and seminars. Marys hospital medical school, imperial college of science, technology and medicine, london, united kingdom. Metabolism is an essential pharmacokinetic process, which renders lipid soluble and nonpolar compounds to water soluble and polar compounds so that.
Metabolism in either the intestinal wall or liver before the drug. Drug metabolism pptpowerpoint presentation, medical. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 496 times. Reaction that is particular to an individual or defined group of people. Drug metabolism is the chemical alteration of a drug by the body. Pdf drugs and the liver drug metabolism in liver disease drug metabolism in the liver benzodiazepine mnemonics. New drug under fda investigation sativex contains both thc and cbd nonpsychoactive.
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